Technical Guidance on Three-dimensional Breeding Broilers

The Technical Guidance on Three-dimensional Breeding of Broilers Issued by The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

    Broiler industry is the highest scale industry in livestock and poultry breeding. Development chicken three-dimensional efficient breeding mode, to land, food, energy saving, high efficiency, ecological as the goal, integrated intensive, intellectualization, accurate nutrition, biological safety and cycle green efficient breeding technology, to promote the comprehensive production capacity and market competitiveness, the construction of efficient production, resource saving, environmentally friendly modern broiler industry specific significance.

    By optimizing the allocation of broiler breeding facilities and equipment, the output can be increased; the digital and intelligent chicken house environmental control equipment system can improve the breeding environment and living conditions of broilers; the integration of broiler feeding management technology, feed saving technology and disease control technology can help to improve the health level and production performance of broilers; and the integration of manure collection and resource utilization technology to realize the planting and breeding cycle, energy saving and emission reduction.

    Compared with the traditional ground raising mode, the number of single three-dimensional and efficient broiler chickens can increase from 10,000 to 20,000 to 30,000 to 60,000, and the number of single chickens can increase from 5.0,000 to up to 100,000.

National Technical System of Broiler Industry

    I. Breeding Process

    (1) Breeding scale and feeding density

    In the three-dimensional breeding process, the breeding scale of a single house is generally 30,000 to 60,000 birids, and the single breeding scale is about 300,000 to 500,000. The occupying area of each adult chicken should not be less than 0.05 square meters, that is, the feeding area of the bottom area of the cage should be less than 20, to ensure the appropriate space demand until before the market. The feeding density should be appropriately reduced in the high temperature season.

    (2) Cage layout and requirements

    The chicken house needs to have good closed and thermal insulation performance, using the closed chicken house design, in order to control the environment in the house, to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction. The standard design chicken coop is 80~90 meters long and 15~18 meters wide.

    Cage should be multi-layer cage, generally 3~5 layers is appropriate. Galvanized materials for better anti-rust, stable structure, service life more than 15 years. With corridor of 0.9-1.5 m; ventilation duct of 0.35~0.5 m shall be provided in the middle of two lines of single cage: 0.7~0.9 m and length of 1.1~1.4 m.

    (3) Equipped with complete sets of feeding equipment

    1. Feed system

    Automatic driving type feeding system is adopted in the house, equipped with fault emergency stop and alarm device. The feeding system should adopt adjustable feeding funnel and separate feeding funnel, which can adjust the feeding amount according to the broilers in different growth periods. The cage feeding should be adjustable to adapt to the feeding of broilers of different ages, reduce the labor intensity of artificial feeding and reduce the stress response of chickens caused by artificial operation. 

    Each chicken house is equipped with a silo that can store more than 2 days of feed. 

    Taking the single feeding capacity of 50,000 as an example, the late feeding capacity is 150g/day per chicken. The feeding system should ensure that at least 7.5 tons of feed is provided every day, and the feed tower capacity should be more than 15 tons.

    2. Drinking system

With sufficient and clean water supply system, the water quality should meet the requirements of "Pollution-free Food, Livestock and Poultry Drinking Water Quality" (NY5027). The drinking water system includes water supply equipment, water meter, filter, automatic doser, drinking water pipe, 360° drinking water nipple, water tank (cup), pressure regulating valve, water pipe height regulator, water line level display, etc. Drug additives and filter should be set at the inlet of the waterline of the chicken house to realize drinking water filtration and automatic drinking water dosage. For convenient disinfection and cleaning to avoid the breeding of bacteria and algae, the height of waterline should be adjusted at any time to ensure that the whole breeding cycle.

    3. Manure cleaning system

    A conveyor belt manure cleaning system should be adopted, including longitudinal, transverse and oblique manure clearing conveyor belt, power and control system, shall be adopted to achieve efficient and timely cleaning of feces and urine and prevent feces retention in the house. The bottom of each cage shall be equipped with a conveyor belt for layered cleaning, which shall be transported from the longitudinal conveyor belt to the tail end of the chicken house. The manure conveyor belt at the bottom of each cage shall be transported to the outside of the house through the tail end to ensure that "the manure does not fall to the ground". The manure cleaning conveyor belt should be made of new polypropylene material, with anti-static, anti-aging, anti-run deviation functions.

    II. Environmental Control in Chicken House

    (1) Environmental control equipment

    The environmental control equipment used in three-dimensional breeding includes fan, cooling pad, heating system (wind heating or water heating), air inlet, air deflector and environmental control system, etc. 

    But cage breeding density increased greatly, need according to the specific feeding and chicken groups, according to the environmental parameters carefully calculate the number of various equipment needs and installation position, need to raise chickens need maximum minimum ventilation capacity, wind speed, ventilation resistance, also need to consider air position, new air temperature, ventilation dead angle, temperature difference is big problem.

    More negative pressure ventilation should be carried out in the chicken house. The rear of each chicken house should be equipped with multiple sets of efficient fans. It is recommended to use the cone fan to improve the ventilation efficiency. Air inlets are installed on both sides of the wall, the specification is about 30cm* 60cm, to ensure the stability of the air flow in the house. According to the ventilation needs of different ages, adjust the side air intake by controlling the angle of the air inlet windows.

    (2) Automated environmental control and management

    Full automatic control of the environment with the intelligent controller as the core should be realized, and the temperature, humidity, wind speed, NH3 and CO2 and other environmental sensors should be arranged according to the space size of the chicken house and the distribution of the cage. Automatically control the opening and closing of the environmental control equipment such as side air inlet, air deflector, ventilation fan and cooling pad, so as to realize the intelligent control of the environment in the chicken house. To regulate the uniformity and stability of the chicken flock environment in different locations of the chicken house, the maximum local temperature difference and daily fluctuation of the whole house should be less than 3℃.

    During the breeding period, the temperature change range of three-dimensional cage broiler house is 33.8~24.2℃; the relative humidity in the house is generally maintained within the range of 45~60%; the change range of wind speed is 0.05~2.04 m/s.

   III. Feed and Nutrition

    Full-price compound feed should be used to ensure the food intake demand and nutrient intake of broilers, and to meet the needs of energy, protein, minerals and vitamins at all stages of chicken body growth and development. It is advisable to reduce the amount of corn and soybean meal instead of the efficient utilization technology of feed resources.

    The feed used in the whole process of three-dimensional breeding can be prepared according to three or four stages. The three stages are rearing period (1 to 14 days), breeding period (15 to 28 days) and fattening period (29 days to stock); the four stages are rearing period (1 to 9 days), breeding I (10 to 20 days), breeding period (21 to 29 days) and fattening period (30 days to stock). 

    In order to give full play to the genetic potential of fast growth and high feed conversion rate, it is suggested to adopt four stages for feed preparation. It is also recommended to add exogenous NSP (non-starch polysaccharide) enzyme to effectively improve the energy and protein digestion utilization rate, reduce the amount of feces and reduce the amount of harmful gas emissions.

    IV. Three-dimensional & Efficient Breeding Number of Intelligent Control

    The three-dimensional breeding of broilers should have the characteristics of intelligence and information to realize the digital control of chicken farm and improve the efficiency of breeding management. Through the establishment of automatic environmental control system of chicken house, online efficient information management system, and whole broiler production and product quality traceability management system, "automation, information and intelligent" management of three-dimensional broiler breeding can be realized in three dimensions of "single house control-whole field management-whole chain monitoring".

    (1) broiler stereoscopic breeding number of intelligent production

    Large-scale facility farms should build a remote monitoring and management system for broiler breeding environment supported by the Internet of Things, 4/5G and NB-IOT technology, realize the real-time transmission of chicken house environmental data, and record the feed quantity, water quantity, indoor and outdoor temperature, voltage, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and CO in the house2、H2S 、NH3 concentration and other breeding parameters, and according to the standard environmental parameters of different growth periods embedded in the environmental control system, the whole process of automatic control and remote non-contact operation are implemented to realize feeding, dung removal, and adjustment of ventilation, temperature, light and other operations.

    (2) Efficient information management system

    Through the Internet of Things, cloud platform, artificial intelligence and other new generation of information technologies, it can integrate video surveillance, remote communication, SMS alarm, remote diagnosis system, etc., to establish a whole chain, multi-level tracking and monitoring information management system from the headquarters to the whole audience, and then to the single house.

    (3) Digital and intelligent product quality traceability management

    Establish a production monitoring and product quality traceability platform, including the traceability and supervision of the three sub-platforms of enterprise management, government management and traceability management. The whole process of feed, medication, vaccine, dead shopping, slaughtering, processing, storage, transportation, sales and other information is traced and supervised.

    V. Biosafety Prevention and Control

    (1) Chicken Farm Planning and Layout

    The site selection and environmental quality of the chicken farm shall meet the requirements of the Environmental Quality Standard for Livestock and Poultry Farm (NY / T 388), and the treatment of sewage and sewage shall meet the requirements of the national environment. 

    Chicken farms need to be strictly divided into living areas and production areas according to different functions, and set up certain intervals and obstacles. The zoning layout of the site shall follow the principle of chicken house layout according to the dominant wind direction. Living and office area, auxiliary production area, production area and manure treatment area should be arranged according to the terrain height and water flow direction of the chicken farm.

    The production area and the living area are separated by disinfection channels to disinfect personnel, production materials and vehicles. The chicken house should be mainly arranged in parallel, with the clean pollution divided. The chicken house should adopt the whole field entry and exit process, or at least according to the whole day entry and exit of the chicken house, and the maximum interval between the whole house and the listing should not exceed 5 days.

    (2) Biosafety Prevention & Control System

    Personnel and materials in the production area shall strictly observe the biosafety prevention and control measures. An isolation area will be set up in the production area to concentrate the body and feces for subsequent transport and treatment.

    Establish the disinfection technology and norms of "people flow, logistics and traffic flow" to and from the farms, do a good job in preventing rodents, birds, flies and insects, and cut off the transmission routes of external pathogenic microorganisms. 

    In addition to the disinfection of the empty house after the broiler market, it is also necessary to carry out regular disinfection of the environment inside and outside the chicken house, including purification and disinfection of wet curtain circulating water, disinfection of chicken air, surface cleaning of facilities and equipment (walls, ground, cages, material tank, etc.), to ensure the environmental cleanliness and hygiene of the chicken house and the farm area.